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Battle of Prostki
The Battle of ProstkI was fought near Prostki (German: ''Prostken''), Duchy of Prussia (today in Ełk County, Poland) on October 8, 1656 between forces of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and allied Crimean Tatars commanded by hetman Wincenty Gosiewski on one side, and on the other allied Swedish and Brandenburg forces commanded by Prince Georg Friedrich of Waldeck, reinforced by cavalry of Prince Bogusław Radziwiłł. The Commonwealth forces won the battle, annihilating enemy forces and taking Radziwiłł captive.
== Background ==
In the late summer of 1656, Swedish and Brandenburgian armies left Warsaw, retreating towards northwest. Polish-Lithuanian commanders decided then to invade the Duchy of Prussia, which had been a vassal state to Kingdom of Poland, and which, as Brandenburg-Prussia, had been an ally of the Swedish Empire (see Treaty of Königsberg (1656). The objective of the invasion was to make “The Great Elector”, Frederick Wilhelm, end the alliance with Sweden.
Polish-Lithuanian forces were commanded by Lithuanian Field Hetman Wincenty Korwin Gosiewski. They were supported by a unit of Crimean Tatars, under Subchan Ghazi Aga. Altogether, Gosiewski’s army had some 8,000 - 10,000 men (including 2,000 Tatars). In early October 1656, it crossed the Narew river, either near Łomża or Wizna, and headed northwards, to Lyck (Ełk).
Prussian commandant Prince Georg Friedrich of Waldeck concentrated his forces near Wąsosz. His army had probably 3,500 men, mostly reiters and dragoons. Waldeck reached Prostken (Prostki) on October 6, and camped on the eastern bank of the Ełk river, near a bridge, which he planned to defend. He also got in touch with Bogusław Radziwilł, whose cavalry unit of 800 stationed in Rajgród. Furthermore, additional Prussian units were stationed at some distance from Lyck. Upon hearing of the invasion, they set off to help Waldeck, but only some 1,000 men reached Prostken before the battle. A unit of 2,000 men and 12 cannons left Lyck on October 8, which was too late.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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